A. SPAIN IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS
This topic may be examined in the HL Paper 3 under the '14. European States in the Inter-war Years' unit. The curriculum requires you to have detailed knowledge of the following areas:
Spain (1918–1939): political, social and economic conditions in Spain; the Primo de Rivera regime; polarization and political parties under the Second Republic; Azaña and Gil Robles; causes of the Civil War; foreign involvement; reasons for nationalist victory under Franco
1. What were the major long term causes of division in Spain? The situation by 1923...
In 1923, Primo de Rivera (a right wing Spanish general) seized power in Spain - this established a chain of events that would culminate in the outbreak of civil war in 1936. All of the subsequent events can be traced back to the long term inequalities and divisions that had emerged in Spain by the early 20th century. To get more than a superficial understanding of Spain during this period, you must realise that it has an incredibly unique history - as was famously said of Italy, it can be argued that Spain was (or is!) "little more than a geographical concept" (i.e. not a people unified by common culture, language etc).
Before you start, get organised - a new folder called 'Spain 1918-39' and ensure your authoritarian states work is safely stored.
Your job today is to start to understand the nature of these divisions & the unusual features of Spanish History.
a. Complete a colour coded and carefully annotated map according to this task sheet. Note, you can do this digitally if you have the ability. You will need to use Google Maps to identify the regions etc. Aim to complete this in half and hour - but be careful to include all of the required information. This is a very necessary piece of work, you won't believe how helpful it will be to you in visualising later events!
b. Use the internet to add a brief timeline of the key events in Spanish History from 1400 to 1923. Try to identify at least 10 key moments - draw a general conclusion from these about the possible nature of division/disunity in Spain.
Before you start, get organised - a new folder called 'Spain 1918-39' and ensure your authoritarian states work is safely stored.
Your job today is to start to understand the nature of these divisions & the unusual features of Spanish History.
a. Complete a colour coded and carefully annotated map according to this task sheet. Note, you can do this digitally if you have the ability. You will need to use Google Maps to identify the regions etc. Aim to complete this in half and hour - but be careful to include all of the required information. This is a very necessary piece of work, you won't believe how helpful it will be to you in visualising later events!
b. Use the internet to add a brief timeline of the key events in Spanish History from 1400 to 1923. Try to identify at least 10 key moments - draw a general conclusion from these about the possible nature of division/disunity in Spain.
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c. Watch this documentary - it is slow but paints an extraordinary picture of the situation in Spain in the early 20th century. While you will not finish it in class, please do so at home over the next few days for your own understanding
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2. What were the main people, places and events up until 1936?
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A. What was the impact of the rule of De Rivera after 1923? or What were the medium term causes of the Spanish Civil War?
i) Get an overview. Use the ticker tape, up to point 9, to get an overview of the key significance of de Rivera's rule - complete the relevant section on the task sheet above. Skills: Collaborative keep up! ii) Develop your understanding. Open 'Reading 1' and add any additional notes into your table, pages 1-4. iii) Focus on de Rivera's policy making. a) Play this decision making game. b) Copy and Paste the final table on your document under the heading "How Successful was Primo de Rivera?" Extend yourself (Read from 'A Promising Start') and add additional information into your grid. Plan an Essay: "Primo de Rivera was responsible for his own downfall". To what extent do you agree with this statement? How successful his policies were is of course part of this judgment, BUT... you would also need to bring in how deep seated the problems he faced were too - long term + impact Great Depression. |
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v) Check your glossary: Constitutional Monarchy, Republic, Anarchist, Socialist, Proletariat, Left, Right, PSOE, UGT, PCE, FAI, CNT, Regionalism, Assault Guards, CEDA, Falange, Robles, Azana, Caballero, Lerroux, Franco
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B. Why did Spanish Politics become so polarised in the 1930s? or What were the short term causes of the Spanish Civil War?
i) Get an overview. Use the ticker tape, from point 9 to the end, to get an overview of the key events following the fall of de Rivera. Open the document below and copy and paste the events form part 1 into your timeline from last lesson. Remember, they are condensed (i.e. not one for each point on the ticker tape).
ii) Complete the table in part 2 of the sheet above as an analytical starting point.
iii) Develop your understanding. Open 'Reading 1' and add any additional notes into your analysis/timeline table, using the section 'The Second Republic' (stop at the 'Final Steps to War' title). Add to your glossary. Clear Lines of Argument? See Gunther (Source D in article) and Preston in (Source A of 'Reading 1'). iv) Extend your thinking by answering/discussing the questions at the end of the task sheet. YOUR TEACHER WILL HAVE GIVEN YOU A COPY OF THIS ARTICLE | ||
Additional Readings:
| additional_causes.pdf |
3. To what extent did foreign intervention lead to the victory of Franco and his nationalists in the Spanish Civil War?
The aim of the next two lessons is to explain:
1. The key events and progress of the Spanish Civil War
2. The 'Spanish' reasons why Franco won the war
3. The 'international reasons why Franco won the war.
Open the task sheet, the resources referred to for Part A are below. Complete video first, then second part of HS article, then Reading 2.
(You will be allocated a particular focus for 'Reading 2')
1. The key events and progress of the Spanish Civil War
2. The 'Spanish' reasons why Franco won the war
3. The 'international reasons why Franco won the war.
Open the task sheet, the resources referred to for Part A are below. Complete video first, then second part of HS article, then Reading 2.
(You will be allocated a particular focus for 'Reading 2')
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Task Sheet:
HS Article:
Reading 2:
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| reading_2.pdf |
Extended Resources:
1. Historiography of the Spanish Civil War - not easy going, but some interesting insights on the problems of narrative military history and moral judgement following hindsight.
2. George Orwell's Essay on the Spanish Civil War - Ch 6 is worthwhile for our purposes in particular.
3. Critique this student essay.
1. Historiography of the Spanish Civil War - not easy going, but some interesting insights on the problems of narrative military history and moral judgement following hindsight.
2. George Orwell's Essay on the Spanish Civil War - Ch 6 is worthwhile for our purposes in particular.
3. Critique this student essay.
B. RUSSIA IN THE INTER-WAR YEARS: 1918-39
This topic may be examined in the HL Paper 3 under the '14. European States in the Inter-war Years' unit. The curriculum requires you to have knowledge of the following areas:
- Case study of domestic political, economic and social developments in one European country (other than Germany, Italy or Spain) in the inter-war years.
1. What were the main political changes in Russia 1918-39?
a) The Rise of Stalin
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Use the task sheet opposite to guide you through this sequence of learning:
1. The unit is based around a lecture by Dr Davis. 2. You will use this to structure basic notes. 3. Reading each lesson will then build a more detailed picture of each area being evaluated. 4. The level of depth will depend on how much additional reading you do. The levels of reading represent a range of complexity and so you should find at least two for different sections that work for you. 5. Be prepared to share additional information at the end of each lesson. 6. During class, you should use the physical articles available. |
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LINKS:
Spartacus Collectivisation Summary (also has summaries of other areas) Industrialisation Article History Channel Documentary (1.5 hrs) Stalin Inside the Terror (1.5 hrs) |
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Additional Option: Sweets Based Decision Making Game: http://www.activehistory.co.uk/intro/ib_stalin_rise/ and use worksheet - ask Mr Tipney for a reminde rif you have forgotten the password.